Denecke, K., Bamidis, P., Bond, C., Gabarron, E., Househ, M., Lau, A. Y., Mayer, M. A., Merolli, M., & Hansen, M. (2015). Ethical Issues of Social Media Usage in Healthcare. Yearbook of medical informatics, 10(1), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.15265/IY-2015-001

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Ennis-O-Connor, M., & Mannion, R. (2020). Social media networks and leadership ethics in healthcare. Healthcare management forum, 33(3), 145–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470419893773

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Ventola C. L. (2014). Social media and health care professionals: benefits, risks, and best practices. P & T: a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 39(7), 491–520.

Canada Health Act, Revised Statutes of Canada (1985, c. C-6) Retrieved September 22, 2022 from the Government of Canada website: Canada Health Act (justice.gc.ca)

 

Colleen M Flood and Bryan Thomas, Modernizing the Canada Health Act, 2016 39-2 Dalhousie Law Journal 397, 2016 CanLIIDocs 4119, <https://canlii.ca/t/sk11>, retrieved on 2022-10-12

 

Fixing Long-Term Care Homes Act (2021, S.O c. 39, Sched. 1). Retrieved September 22, 2022 from the Government of Ontario website: Fixing Long-Term Care Act, 2021, S.O. 2021, c. 39, Sched. 1 (ontario.ca)

 

Government of Canada. (2022). About Medicare. Retrieved from the Government of Canada website: Canada's health care system - Canada.ca

 

Government of Canada. (2022). Canada’s Health Care System. Retrieved from the Government of Canada website:  Canada's health care system - Canada.ca

 

Government of Canada. (2022). What is the Canada Health Transfer?. Retrieved from the Government of Canada website: Canada Health Transfer - Canada.ca

 

Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (2018). Long-term care homes level-of-care per diem, occupancy and acuity-adjustment funding policy. Retrieved from the Government of Ontario website: Long-term care homes level-of-care per diem, occupancy and acuity-adjustment funding policy | ontario.ca

Huber, M., Knottnerus, J. A., Green, L., van der Horst, H., Jadad, A. R., Kromhout, D., Leonard, B., Lorig, K., Loureiro, M. I., van der Meer, J. W., Schnabel, P., Smith, R., van Weel, C., & Smid, H. (2011). How should we define health?. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 343, d4163. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163

 

Ryan, B. J., Coppola, D., Canyon, D. V., Brickhouse, M., & Swienton, R. (2020). COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 14(5), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.109

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World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1986 Nov 21 Available from: http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index.html.

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Garrod M, Vafaei A, Martin L. The Link Between Difficulty in Accessing Health Care and Health Status in a Canadian Context. Health Services Insights. 2020;13. doi:10.1177/1178632920977904

 

Government of Canada (2022). Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities. Retrieved from the Government of Canada website: Social determinants of health and health inequalities - Canada.ca

 

Government of Canada (2022). What is the population Health Approach? Retrieved from the Government of Canada website: What is the Population Health Approach? - Canada.ca

 

Islam M. M. (2019). Social Determinants of Health and Related Inequalities: Confusion and Implications. Frontiers in public health, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00011

 

Leimbigler, B., Li, E.P.H., Rush, K.L. et al. Social, political, commercial, and corporate determinants of rural health equity in Canada: an integrated framework. Can J Public Health 113, 749–754 (2022). https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-022-00630-y

Government of Canada (2022). An Integrated Model of Population Health and Health Promotion. Retrieved from the Government of Canada website: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/population-health/population-health-promotion-integrated-model-population-health-health-promotion/developing-population-health-promotion-model.html

 

Peterson A, Charles V, Yeung D, Coyle K. The Health Equity Framework: A Science- and Justice-Based Model for Public Health Researchers and Practitioners. Health Promotion Practice. 2021;22(6):741-746. doi:10.1177/1524839920950730

 

White, Franklin. (2015). Primary Health Care and Public Health: Foundations of Universal Health Systems. Medical Principles and Practice. 24. 10.1159/000370197.

Danhieux K, Martens M, Colman E, Wouters E, Remmen R, van Olmen J, et al. What Makes Integration of Chronic Care so Difficult? A Macro-Level Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators in Belgium. International Journal of Integrated Care. 2021;21(S2):8. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5671

 

Ferrante, J. M., Balasubramanian, B. A., Hudson, S. V., & Crabtree, B. F. (2010). Principles of the patient-centered medical home and preventive services delivery. Annals of family medicine, 8(2), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1080

 

Smith, T., McNeil, K., Mitchell, R. et al. A study of macro-, meso- and micro-barriers and enablers affecting extended scopes of practice: the case of rural nurse practitioners in Australia. BMC Nurs 18, 14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0337-z

 

Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2013). Understanding integrated care: a comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. International journal of integrated care, 13, e010. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.886

 

Wagner E. H. (2019). Organizing Care for Patients With Chronic Illness Revisited. The Milbank quarterly, 97(3), 659–664. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12416

Brophy JT, Keith MM, Hurley M, McArthur JE. Sacrificed: Ontario Healthcare Workers in the Time of COVID-19. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy. 2021;30(4):267-281. doi:10.1177/1048291120974358

 

Canada Health Act, Revised Statutes of Canada (1985, c. C-6): Canada Health Act (justice.gc.ca)

Peterson, A., Charles, V., Yeung, D., & Coyle, K. (2021). The health equity framework: A science- and justice-based model for public health researchers and practitioners. Health Promotion Practice, 22(6), 741-746. doi:10.1177/1524839920950730

 

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO) RN/NP Workforce Backgrounder (2019). https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/RNAO_RN_NP_HR_Backgrounder.pdf

 

Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (2020) Long-Term Care Systemic Failings: Two Decades of Staffing and Funding Recommendations: https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/RNAO_LTC_System_Failings_June_2020_1.pdf

 

The Canadian Press (Saba, September 30, 2022). Wave of retirement hits Canadian workforce as healthcare, education lose workers. Toronto. https://ottawa.citynews.ca/national-business/wave-of-retirement-hits-canadian-workforce-as-healthcare-education-lose-workers-5891185

 

World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1986: http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index.html

Indigenous Health in Canada:

 

Markham R, Hunt M, Woollard R, et al. (2021) Addressing rural and Indigenous health inequities in Canada through socially accountable health partnerships BMJ Open 2021;11: e048053.  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048053

 

Paul J. Kim.Social Determinants of Health Inequities in Indigenous Canadians Through a Life Course Approach to Colonialism and the Residential School System.Health Equity.Jul 2019.378-381.http://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2019.0041

 

Richmond, C.A.M., Cook, C. Creating conditions for Canadian aboriginal health equity: the promise of healthy public policy. Public Health Rev 37, 2 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-016-0016-5

Government of Canada. (2020). Canada Health Act. Retrieved from the Government of Canada Website: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/canada-health-care-system-medicare/canada-health-act.html

Summary: Reviews the Canada Health Act reminding that the primary objectives of Canadian health care policy are "to protect, promote and restore the physical and mental well-being of residents of Canada and to facilitate reasonable access to health services without financial or other barriers."

 

Government of Canada. (2019). Backgrounder: New Canada Health Act Initiatives (August 2018) . Retrieved from the Government of Canada Website: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/canada-health-care-system-medicare/canada-health-act/new-initiatives.html

Summary: The above linked source clarifies that the Canada Health Act will be enforced and that evidence of patient charges will result in a mandatory dollar-for-dollar deduction from Canada Health Transfer payments.

 

Government of Canada. (2019). Backgrounder: New Canada Health Act Initiatives (August 2018) Letter . Retrieved from the Government of Canada Website: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/canada-health-care-system-medicare/canada-health-act/new-initiatives/letter.html

Summary: Letter from the Federal Minister of Health (2019) formally advising provinces and territories that if they fail to comply with the provisions of the Canada Health Act that any charges to patients for medically necessary diagnostic services will be considered to be in contravention of the Canada Health Act. The letter goes on to caution that the Act is clear that when a province allows patient charges, mandatory deductions to federal transfer payments must be made.

Resources:

 

1. Statistics Canada. (2022) Job Vacancies, second quarter 2022 [Report]. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/220920/dq220920b-eng.pdf?st=MaQTgyM_

 

2. Campbell (2022, May 24). Ontario doctors say the backlog for certain services reaching crisis level. CTV News Northern Ontario.  https://northernontario.ctvnews.ca/ontario-doctors-say-the-backlog-for-certain-services-reaching-crisis-levels-1.5915318

 

3. White F. (2015). Primary health care and public health: foundations of universal health systems. Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 24(2), 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1159/000370197

 

4. Huber, M. (2011). HEALTH: HOW SHOULD WE DEFINE IT? BMJ: British Medical Journal, 343(7817), 235–237. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314

 

5. Canadian Institute for Health Information (November 3, 2022). National health expenditure trends, 2022 – Snapshot. https://www.cihi.ca/en/national-health-expenditure-trends-2022-snapshot

 

6. Hunt, S., & Bond, M. (2022, February 11). ‘We are all first responders’: ONA says Bill 124 contributing to nurses’ wage gap. Ottawa City News. https://ottawa.citynews.ca/local-news/we-are-all-first-responders-ona-says-bill-124-contributing-to-nurses-wage-gap-5057012#:~:text=According%20to%20data%20by%20the,both%20police%20officers%20and%20firefighters.

 

7. Government of Ontario (2022, November 25). Ontario Investing to Reduce Surgical Wait Times in Eastern Ontario [News Release]. https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1002522/ontario-investing-to-reduce-surgical-wait-times-in-eastern-ontario